EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON WATER AND FISH PRODUCTION USING MACRO INVERTEBRATES AS BIO-INDICATORS
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- NGN 5000
ABSTRACT
The study of water quality using macro invertebrates as bio indicators of pollution in the Ikpoba river Benin City, Edo State was carried out for a period of 3months (march-may) in 2013. Water and macro invertebrate samples were collected from three stations (Okhoro), Reservoir and the Bridge.) along the river. Physiochemical variables were determined using standard methods. A total of 652 macro invertebrates were collected. Twenty seven (27) taxa were recorded in all the stations. Station 2(Reservoir) had 23 taxa, while station 1(Bridge) and 3(Okhoro) had 16 and 18 taxa, respectively. Also station 1 (Bridge) contributed the highest number (46%) of the total number of individuals and the least number of taxa (16).A total of11 Bulinus spp, 39 Biomphalaria spp and 4 Physia spp represented the Mollusca family in all the stations. Coleopteran was represented by 12 Sphaerodema spp, 6 Hydrous spp and 8 Phithydrus spp. Ditera species collected in the sampling stations were, 18 enstalis larvae, 4 Simulium spp, 283 Chironomus spp, 20 Pentaneura spp, 18 Coatate pupa, 23 Chronomus pupa, 5 pupa type 1 and 2 Anopheles larvae.Only 1 Notonecta specie represented the Hemiptera family. Four (4) Neoperia and 7 Branchythermis spp represented the Plecopera family. The Odonata family was represented by 9 Coenagrion spp, 6 Pseudagnon psp and 3 Enallagma spp. Ephemeroptera was represented by two members of the Pseudocleon spp. Crustacea was represented by 18 astacidae. Annelid was represented by 31 Tubifex spp, 48 Nais spp and 55 Stalaria spp. Hirudinea spp was represented by 15 members of the Glossiphonia spp. The presence of low densities of pollution tolerant macro invertebrate groups, the deteriorating water quality and the physiochemical conditions of the water during Month march was a reflection of organic pollution by decomposing domestic refuse and inorganic fertilizers washed into the river by run-off.
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